Pitch, in the context of maritime terms, primarily applies to two concepts.
First, in terms of propeller dynamics, pitch is defined as the theoretical distance a propeller would traverse within one complete revolution, assuming there is no slippage or resistance. This implies that if a propeller is supposed to progress 18 inches as per its design during one rotation, but due to water resistance, it only proceeds 15 inches, then its nominal or designed pitch is 18 inches.
Secondly, and somewhat unrelatedly, pitch also refers to a specific type of movement experienced by a boat or ship. This movement involves the oscillation in the vertical plane, whereby the bow (front) and the stern (rear) of the boat or ship rise and fall alternately. This motion can occur due to changes in water waves, wind or current conditions or steering maneuvers. The severity of pitch can affect the vessel's stability, propulsion efficiency, and overall comfort or safety of crew and passengers on board.
Example
1. If a sailboat's propeller has a pitch of 20 inches, it would theoretically move 20 inches through the water with a single revolution, if there was no slippage or resistance.
2. In the context of a ship at sea, the ship might pitch violently during a storm, with the bow rising and falling sharply due to large, rough waves.
3. A submarine's propeller pitch is carefully calibrated - too high a pitch and the propeller could cavitate, causing noisy bubbles and lowering stealth; too low a pitch and the submarine won't be able to move quickly enough.
4. During a calm trip on a lake, a small fishing boat might have a gentle pitch in its movement, its bow and stern rising and falling slightly with the rhythm of the small waves.
5. A large cruise ship is designed to minimize the pitch of the boat, using ballast and design to keep the bow and stern as steady as possible, to ensure comfort for the passengers regardless of the condition of the sea.
Interesting fact
Fun Fact:
Isn't it fascinating how a simple term 'pitch' can have such different meanings in different contexts? In the world of boats and aircraft, "pitch" holds significant importance. As it pertains to a propeller, pitch refers to the theoretical distance that a propeller would travel in a full 360-degree revolution, under the assumption that there is no "slippage" between the propeller blade and the water or air. Now, picture a simple screw that you could drive into a piece of wood. Imagine if the screw propels forward for its one complete rotation—that's exactly the concept of pitch for a propeller!
In a completely different context, the term 'pitch' describes the oscillating motion of a sea vessel. Interestingly, it represents the 'see-saw' movements of a boat's bow (front) and stern (back) in an up-down manner around its transverse (side to side) axis. If you've ever stood at the bow of a boat and felt it rising and falling with the waves, you've experienced pitch firsthand.
Oddly enough, despite their starkly different contexts, both uses of 'pitch' relies on the relationship with water—one considering its movement through the water, and the second judging its stability over it. Isn't it just 'pitch' perfect?